Humorous Best Man Speech for Two Best Men Essay - 1144 Words

Humorous Best Man Speech Written for Two Best Men Best man 1: Good evening everyone. I must warn you we are both pretty nervous about doing this speech. We have spent many a night awake, trying plan it to no avail. We were both so nervous about doing this speech we asked the groom for some advice on how to prepare for talking to a large audience. Best man 2: So he did. He told us to imagine that you are all naked, so if you dont mind, we are going to give it a go. (Stares, winks at people) Best man 1: Ladies and gentlemen, may I thank you for attending this wonderful occasion. You can all agree that today has been a great success, so far, they look absolutely stunning. So if you could raise your glasses. To the bride and†¦show more content†¦Best man 1: Wed like to take this opportunity to read a few cards that have been sent here today for the bride and groom. There seems to be just the two, both addressed to the groom. One reads. We could have been so good together?, Britney Spears. This one reads the same. We could have been so good together, love. Elton John. Best man 2: I have known the groom since the age of twelve when we first met at school and, like everyone at that age, he went through some fashion disasters. Remember the perm? But he never had a funnly nickname at school that I can tell you about, or so I thought! He did have a nickname before the operation on his ears. Do you remember what it was. Thats right Wingnut? and heres why. (Put on a mask) Best man 1: I first met the groom on a night out at the local night club known then as 5th Avenue in the early 1990s. He was still a bit out of touch with fashion even back then. I remember after chatting to him for a awhile him asking me some advice on meeting women, the only chat-up lines he had were: Heres some money, phone your mum and tell her you wont be coming home tonight. Best man 2: And the other one he always used to use: Please go out with me, Ive never been out with a girl before. (High pitched voice) Best man 1: Fortunately we changed him for the better into the ladies man he is today! (Toast glasses) Best man 2: They were good times back then as you must remember, but paying for a night out wasntShow MoreRelated Humorous Wedding Speech by the Groom Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech by the Groom Thank you for your kind words, I am very proud to be your son-in-law; I hope I can live up to your expectations. I would sincerely like to thank you for welcoming me into your family, for bringing up such a lovely daughter, and for giving me your blessing to marry her. In addition. due to the number of phone calls between my wife and her mom, the phone company would also like to thank you both. On this date in history in 1889 the Boer War ended, andRead MoreA Commentary on Luckys Monologue in Waiting for Godot1559 Words   |  7 Pagesto the labors of men that as a result of the labors unfinished of Testew and Cunard it is established as hereinafter but not so fast for reasons unknown that as a result of the public works of Puncher and Wattmann it is established beyond all doubt that in view of the labors of Fartov and Belcher left unfinished for reasons unknown of Testew and Cunard left unfinished it is established what many deny that man in Possy of Testew and Cunard that man in Essy that man in short that man in brief in spiteRead More Humorous Wedding Speech – Two Best Men Essay791 Words   |  4 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech – Two Best Men Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen. For those of you that are wondering why there are two best men standing up here, it’s perfectly simple. Arthur wanted to appoint a best man for the occasion, but sadly couldn’t find one, so he got two barely competent ones instead. So before I start, let me clarify the ‘role’ situation. Dennis, Arthur’s university friend and very trustworthy, was responsible for carrying the rings in church. I am Steve, Arthur’sRead More Humorous Wedding Roast – Why Would Anyone Want to Marry this Man?629 Words   |  3 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech – Why Would Anyone Want to Marry this Man? Ladies and gentlemen, if theres anybody here this afternoon whos feeling nervous, apprehensive and queasy at the thought of what lies ahead, its probably because you have just got married to Charles Farrer. Looking around this packed room, its surprising just how far some people are prepared to travel for a free lunch. Its very fortunate that Charles was not involved in developing the menu; otherwise you would have beenRead More Humorous Wedding Speech for a Car Salesman Essay644 Words   |  3 PagesHumorous Wedding Speech for a Car Salesman Good evening Ladies and Gentlemen – for those of you who don’t know me I’m Floyd, Edward’s best man. Of course, the only problem with being the best man at a wedding is that you never get a chance to prove it, but if anyone wants to start a drinking competition later, then come talk to me. Edward has been a great friend to me since we met. And, over that time, hes always been there for me. I remember especially him being there when I had my firstRead More A Character Analysis of Elizabeth Bennet Essay examples1591 Words   |  7 Pagesextraordinary model for women. Pride and Prejudice is a humorous novel about the trials of marrying well in the early eighteenth century. It focuses mainly on the actions of two couples – Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy and Jane Bennet and Mr. Bingley. Elizabeth Bennet is a vibrant, headstrong young woman who is not too keen on the idea of marriage , whereas Mr. Darcy is an egotistical and proud man who improves on closer acquaintance. Mr. BingleyRead More Grooms Wedding Speech - Humorous, but Not Offensive Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesGrooms Wedding Speech - Humorous, but Not Offensive Ladies and gentlemen, you are about to witness a unique event in history - the very first and last time that my wife is going to let me speak on behalf of both of us. It is a privilege and an honor to do so. I just hope that, so soon into our married life, I dont let her down. Today has so far been a day beyond my wildest dreams. As a child, dreaming of my wedding day, I never dared imagine that I would end up marrying someone so intelligentRead MoreMark Twains Humorous Satire in Running for Governor1692 Words   |  7 Pageshttp://www.overseaen.com 2012 Ã¥ ¹ ´ 02 æÅ"ˆ Tel:+86-551-5690811 5690812 ISSN 1009-5039 Overseas English æ µ · Ã¥ ¤â€" è‹ ± è ¯ ­ Overseas English æ µ · Ã¥ ¤â€" è‹ ± è ¯ ­ Mark Twains Humorous Satire in Running for Governor ç” °Ã¥â‚¬ © ï ¼Ë†Ã¥ ® Ã¥ ¤ Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ­ ¦ Ã¥ ¤â€"å› ½Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã©â„¢ ¢Ã¯ ¼Å' Ã¥ ® Ã¥ ¤  é“ ¶Ã¥ ·  750021ï ¼â€° Abstract: Mark Twain, a mastermind of humor and realism, is seen as a giant in world literature. His humorous satire had great impact on the following men of letters; critics also attached significant importance to it and put forward various interpretations. Noticeably, his humor⠁Æ' ous satireRead MoreEssay about Advice to Youth and Mark Twain890 Words   |  4 PagesMark Twain, known at the time to be a humorous author, wrote a speech on ‘Advice to Youth.’ Twain gives several pieces of advice all with a twist of honesty attached. The way this speech was written suggest that it would have been delivered at a graduation ceremony. Perhaps Twain was asked to speak at a college graduation ceremony and was going to deliver this speech. It is the perfect speech to relate to youth. Twain’s advice begins with â€Å"always obey your parents†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Norton, 550) which is soundRead MoreAnalysis of The Escape865 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of the story â€Å"The Escape† by W.S. Maugham William Somerset Maugham is one of the best known English writers of the 20th century. He was not only a novelist, but also a one of the most successful dramatist and short-story writers. Maugham wants the readers to draw their own conclusion about the characters and events described in his novels. His reputation as a novelist is based on the following prominent books: â€Å"Of Human Bondage†; â€Å"The Moon and Sixpence†; and â€Å"The Razors Edge†. Though

Rights of Women in the Nineteenth Century and in Henrik...

Henrik Ibsen, who was born in Norway but made his name internationally, was a painter as well as the one of most famous playwrights during the period of Realism. Ibsen’s plays are well-known by the themes of domestic and political issues and conflict in nineteenth century. Scholars call it â€Å"Ibsen’s problems play† (Henrik Ibsen, 650). In addition, in Ibsen’s plays, the general topics that are usually discussed are hypocrisy of the society, restriction of women, and the self-sacrifice. Under the influence of Industrial Revolution, the conflict between classes and the struggle among workers were becoming more and more intense, especially among women. By responding to French Rvolution, â€Å"Liberty† was the key word for nineteenth century (The†¦show more content†¦Torvald is a good husband, but he treats Nora merely as a pretty doll. Moreover, Torvald is also the money provider of the family, which gives him even more power and pride. However, Nora’s husband does not expect her to be independent or thoughtful. It seems that Torvald even enjoys Nora is being dependent and childish, so he can keep his pride and control over Nora. Due to Nora’s dependency and Torvald’s domination, an equal relationship does not exist in their marriage. Especially on the act III, during their last intense argue, Torvald even says, â€Å"You are out of your mind! I wont allow it! I forbid you!† (Ibsen, Act III, 658). This also reflects on the m arriage situations in the society of the nineteenth century. Generally, the women were no more than an accessory, or a doll to the men. Husband nearly listened to their wives’ thoughts and had a deep conversation with them. Second, Even though the women in the nineteenth century were expected to self-sacrifice to their husbands and children, their sacrifices may not be appreciated. They did not receive the respect and understanding they ought to have. The most difficult time for Helmer’s family was the time when Torvald got a severe disease. Nora had to borrow money from a despicable lawyer Krogstad, Nora imitated her father’s signature. Later on, krogstad uses the fake signature to threat Nora. Even though Nora thinks the society will understand herShow MoreRelatedA Critics Opinion of a Dolls House1743 Words   |  7 PagesMrs. Collar Engl. 1302 19 November 2012 A Critic’s Opinion of A Doll’s House In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House many views could be seen from both sides of the gender world. Critics will argue about the true meaning of the story and why Ibsen wrote the story. The main points of the play that critics discuss are sexuality i.e. feminism, the wrong doing of the father figure, and spiritual revolution. I believe these critics are each right in their own way from my understanding of the play and their ideasRead More Comparing Edna of Kate Chopins The Awakening and Nora of Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House 1038 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Edna of Kate Chopins The Awakening and Nora of Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Kate Chopins work, The Awakening, and Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House, were written at a time when men dominated women in every aspect of life.   Edna Pontellier, the protagonist in The Awakening, and Nora, the protagonist in A Dolls House, are trapped in a world dominated by men.   The assumed superiority of their husbands traps them in their households.   Edna and Nora share many similarities, yetRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1074 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 7, 2015 Ibsen’s Perspective on Women The Norwegian playwright and dramatist, Henrik Ibsen, wrote several plays on social drama where he opposed the accepted traditions of the nineteenth century. Some of his most famous plays on society versus women were A Doll’s House, Hedda Gabler, and Pillars of Society. Ibsen supported women and feminism, contrary to societal norms by creating strong women in the forms of Nora Helmer, Hedda Tesman, and Lona Hessel from his plays. In A Doll’s House, Ibsen introducesRead MoreSymbolism and Sexism in Ibsen’s â€Å"a Doll’s House† Essays949 Words   |  4 Pages Symbolism and Sexism in Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† Henrik Ibsen, the author of the controversial play â€Å"A Doll’s House† said, â€Å"There are two kinds of moral laws, two kinds of conscience, one for men and one, quite different, for women. They don’t understand each other; but in practical life, woman is judged by masculine law, as though she weren’t a woman but a man†¦A woman cannot be herself in modern society.† Isben created the plot of â€Å"A Doll’s House† from those ideas. Ibsen was viewedRead MoreA Feminist Literary Stance, Roles of Women in Henrik Ibsen’s Play A Doll’s House and George Eliot’s Novel Middlemarch1546 Words   |  7 PagesA feminist literary stance, roles of women in Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House George Eliot’s novel Middlemarch Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and George Eliot’s Middlemarch are based on events from their personal experiences. The events that lead Ibsen to feel the need to write A Doll’s House makes his approach on the feminist stance a bit more unusual from other writers. Ibsen shows his realist style through modern views and tones that are acted out by the characters in this infamousRead MoreA Woman s Prison By Henrik Ibsen Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesA Woman’s Prison Ibsen’s pla y, A Doll’s House immediately encountered a spectrum of reactions--ranging from strong support to harsh criticism--following its premier in 1879. Controversy came about over Nora’s role as an independent woman who makes her own decisions. The public’s immediate response to Ibsen’s play reflects the shift occurring within society, centered on gender roles and women’s place in the mid to late 19th century. Ibsen’s portrayal of women through Nora’s role explores the ideasRead MoreIbsen11859 Words   |  48 PagesForshey 1 Running head: IBSEN’S FEMALE CHARACTERS Ibsen’s Female Characters in Captivity: An Exploration of Literature and Performance Christina Kelley Forshey A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Fall 2008 Forshey 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________Read MoreHenrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House Essay example1182 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature, is present in Henrik Ibsen’s 1879 Norwegian play A Doll’s House. The title itself suggests a misogynist view, while the work mainly consists of feminist ideology, as Ibsen was a supporter of the female as an independent, rather than a dependent on a male. Nora knew herself that her husband did not fully respect her, and this became a major conflict in the play as Nora progressively became more self-reliant in the play. Ibsen created Nora to give an example for all women, showing that they areRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1639 Words   |  7 PagesIn the play A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines the roles of a woman during the nineteenth century in a male dominated Victorian society. The play is a well-played out journey of the main character, Nora, self-discovery and struggles against the oppression of her husband Torv ald and the society he represents. Nora, who is the wife of Torvald Helmer, is the heroine of the play in the end. At the beginning of Act I, the scene is a clear picture of the lifestyle of the Helmer’s household. TheRead MoreA Dolls House Feminism Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesaffect gender rights, but more delicate and inconspicuous elements are often swept under the rug as issues which do not need to be changed, as they are ‘tradition’. Marriages are often the subject of controversy regarding gender rights because of their grey area regarding gender roles. Nineteenth century wives were often treated more like children by their husbands as opposed to wives, particularly in Northern European culture. In the same vein, this time period was notorious for its women being socially

Women Crime Free Essays

Women have been commonly stereotyped as loving, nurturing and compassionate people. Female offenses, over the past century, have been on the rise (Wormer, 2010). The battle for gender equality might play an important role in this phenomenon. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now Female offenders started to increase in numbers during the 1980s, as reported by the Uniformed Crime Report (UCR). However, the majority of offenses committed by females are not violent offenses (Wormer, 2010). As shown in the UCR, the percentage of females imprisoned for violent offenses have been declining over the past two decades (United States Department of Justice, 2010). When looking at crimes committed by women, compared to those committed by men, they are obviously smaller in numbers. The questions being asked is why are these numbers increasing at alarming rates? What is causing females to commit to a life of crime? In this paper I will attempt to find the cause or causes as to why a larger percentage of females are committing crime. It is important to note that there is a major increase in the number of females arrested, most notably for non-violent crimes. According to the UCR, during 1980, about 13,000 women were imprisoned in the nation. This number drastically increased to 80,000 by 1997. This clearly shows that the rate of female incarceration is rising faster than that of men. Over the past three decades, female incarceration has more than doubled. Statistics show that the rate of female imprisonment is significantly high being that 54 out of every 100,000 women, compared to 6 out of every 100,000 in 1930, when the first report came out (Simon, Ahn-Redding, 2009). Amongst criminologists and social scientists, there are generally two perceptions as to why women commit crime. The first and most obviously known cause is that females generally maintain lower incarceration rates than males do. In every category, except embezzlement, prostitution and runaways, men tend to commit crimes at higher rates (Simon, Ahn-Redding, 2009). The second observation is that the low rate of female crime has not been properly thoroughly studied. Regarding the nation’s history, criminal research has basically ignored and overlooked the crimes that women commit and put a bigger emphasis on the male offender (Chesney-Lind, 1997). However, because of this rise in female crime, criminologists have begun to study the female offender with a greater emphasis. For the most part, men and female offenders tend to commit more property crimes and substance abuse crimes (Blanchette, Brown 2006). There are more minor crimes committed versus violent crimes like aggravated assault or murder (United States Department of Justice, 2010). In 2009, the most common crime committed by males was drug abuse violations, whereas females committed other types of offenses except traffic. This category can include public disorder or any other state or law violation that is not specified in Part I or Part II offenses seen in the UCR (United States department of justice, 2010). The most noticeable difference between male and females in the reported arrests is the greater percentage of female offenders arrested for prostitution. In 2009, 56,640 people were arrested for prostitution and commercialized vice; 70% of those people were women (United States department of justice, 2010). The increase in female crimes began to rise after the end of World War II but surprisingly, the increase has not been in â€Å"customary† female crimes such as child abuse or prostitution. Crimes like robbery, larceny-theft and driving under the influence are the crimes that have staggering percentage increases. In 2000, 6,663 women were arrested for robbery, whereas in 2009 9,384 were arrested; that’s a 46% increase in a matter of only 10 years (Simon, Ahn-Redding, 2009). According to the UCR’s data over the years, I have gained better knowledge about increasing female crimes. However, problems still arise as to why there are still such significantly higher numbers of imprisoned males than females. Social scientists have proposed many hypotheses regarding the disparity between female and male crimes. Traditionally, men are seen as being physically stronger than women. This, in turn, implies that they are more capable of committing violent crimes. In order to explain the gender gap that exists in the field of criminology, one must also take into consideration the emotional development and strength of a person. It seems as if gender and society’s norms have an impact on the low crime rates of women. Femininity is, for the most part, consists of the way a woman behaves but also the way she sees herself and her relationships with others. A woman’s femininity is influenced not only by her body but also her mind and her interactions with society. A â€Å"normal† woman can be perceived as caring, nurturing, and being selfless when it comes to others. Women, who take on responsibilities of a family or the ability to not only establish, but also maintain relationships, are thought of in the highest regards. â€Å"Derivative identity constrains deviance on the part of a women involved with onventional males, but it also encourages the criminal involvements of those who become accomplices of husbands or boyfriends† (Blanchette, Brown, 2006). Tendencies and qualities that are seen in criminals, basically contradict those tendencies and qualities that females possess. Crime is much more disgraced for women than it is for men. Women hold certain expectations regarding the way they look to the way the conduct themselves. For example, a woman would stay away from locations where she would fall victim to the hands of a perpetuator such as nightclubs and crime-ridden streets. They’re lives are also altered when they find themselves victims of physical violence, such as spousal abuse and rape. Women tend to be victimized in ways that men cannot, so their behavior tends to change because they have that fear of being a victim (Chesney-Lind, 1997). Over the years, criminologists have come up with many theories as to why people commit crime. Hirschi’s Social Control Theory and Agnew’s General Strain Theory have helped in this cause. Social Control Theory focuses primarily on internal controls. The theory implies that an individual may commit crime as a result of having little or no bonds with society. This bond, as it is being referred to, is a structure that consists of four elements: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief (Chesney-Lind, 1997). This theory maintains a belief that individual that have strong attachments to conventional people, are committed to school or work, are involved in conventional pursuits and do not rationalize or justify crime, are less likely to engage themselves in a life of crime. Hirschi’s theory does not specify itself within gender. When his initial theory testing was taking place, his sample consisted of both male and female adolescents. However, Hirschi only took into consideration the criminal information collected that pertained to males (Alder, Worrall, 2004). During the 1990s, criminologists Sampson and Laub developed a social control theory to help explain and understand childhood antisocial conduct, adolescent delinquency and criminal conduct during an individual’s early adulthood. The theory implies that early childhood experiences and individual traits explain stability in criminal behavior during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Experiences like these are called â€Å"turning points†. These turning points can change the trajectories for better or worse. Turning points refer to how attached an individual becomes to another conventional person. The hypothesis within this theory is that these turning points are the primary cause for the alteration of the criminal trajectory (Alder, Worrall, 2004). For example, an individual that possesses strong marital attachments and employment stability are more likely to refrain from any criminal activity than those who do not possess such qualities. Agnew’s General Strain theory derived from prior works from Robert Merton. Strain theory states that individuals, primarily in the lower class of society, will refrain to crime when they are unable to rank higher in the social ladder or achieve any type of monetary success through legitimate means (Blanchette, Brown, 2006). The failure to achieve status or wealth causes an individual to become strained and pressured. This strain and pressure then causes an individual to resort to gaining such status and wealth through illegitimate means or non-conformist behavior. General Strain Theory (GST) is based on the psychological aspect that deals with aggression, stress, and coping mechanisms. GST implies that stressful events produce negative emotions for an individual which in turn results in criminal behavior (Alder, Worrall, 2004). Agnew presumes that there are three sources of strain: inability to achieve positive fueled goals, the removal of a positive stimuli and the presentation of a negative one. It can be argued that GST can sufficiently explain the gender gap in crime. Both males and females experience different types of strain. However, statistics show that male strain tends to lead towards serious property and violent crime more than females. Males and females have different emotional systems. They respond differently to strain; women tend to turn towards depression whereas men tend to become very angry and hostile (Blanchette, Brown, 2006). Males have very different coping mechanisms than those of females. This theory, according to Agnew, can also be used to describe why women commit crime. He argues that strain can be conceptualized as oppression, in feminist views. These oppressed-ridden individuals will then turn to crime in order to relieve themselves of such stress. Authors Alder and Worrall note how divorce rates and spousal abuse crate financial and emotional stress on a female. They also note that when society devalues a female’s capabilities, whether it is at home or in the workplace, it creates a new cause of strain we call injustice. Other forms of strain can include sexual harassment, death of a loved one, and discrimination (Blanchette, Brown, 2006). Females, in general, commit fewer crimes than males because females they become greatly stigmatized by society. Society norms as well as the attachment to conventional people help them steer away from a life of crime. A woman will find ways to reach a higher position in social class based upon her personal experiences and her ability to attain a husband, who holds a high position in society. Obviously, women are able to use their feminism to achieve their goals without resorting to illegitimate ways, such as prostitution and robbery. Strain theory can be used to explain the difference as to why women commit less crime than males do; females and males have different ways of coping with stress. The result for both individual differs. The role of the female in today’s society has become less compliant than before. Women are now being dominated less by the male population and are able to take on a role as individuals. However, there is still an enormous amount of gender inequality surround society. Until this inequality diminishes, society and gender norms that remain will continue to take over the percentage of crimes committed by women. However, the substantial achievement on the female crime study and explanation must be acclaimed, as gender has been viewed in the way that it should be: as a crucial variable associated in the criminal study. How to cite Women Crime, Papers

Legal Documents from Judean Desert †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Legal Documents from Judean Desert. Answer: Introduction Legal system can be referred to as such processes or procedures which are used for interpreting and enforcing the laws. There are different legal systems which exist to serve the specific religion or ideology[1]. One of such legal systems is the Islamic legal system management, which is often referred to as Sharia law. The Quran is the key source of Islamic legislations as it sets forth the Sharias fundamentals and also clarifies upon the principle teachings of it. In the following parts, a discussion has been carried on the underlying ideology which forms the basis of Islamic legal system, its central tenets and the possibility of its co-existence with the type of legal pluralism with the Australian legal system. As has been stated in the introductory segment, the Islamic legislation is based on the Quran. The beliefs have been clarified in a great deal; and also, the forms of worship and the legal matters have been discussed in detail[2]. The role of Islamic law is fulfilled through Quran in the sense that the constitution fulfils that of the human made legislations of the country. Quran is deemed as the model for the Prophet and for the ones who come after the Prophet. Hence, the source of all the legislations is Quran and even though the role as constitution under Islamic laws limits the clarifying injunction generally, it rarely deals with the specific details[3]. The Sunnah refers to the actions, statements and the implied approvals of the Messenger. It is deemed as a synonymous of hadith. The word Sunnah means the practical application during the prophetic era of the injunctions. Sunnah comes only after Quran when it is ranked as the source of Islamic law as Sunnah only clarifies what is deemed as difficult to understand or ambiguous under Quran, qualifies only such thing which is left unqualified by the Quran and only brings forth such issues which are not mentioned in the Quran. Since the prophetic relation era ended, due to the death of Messenger, the Sunnah transmits the preaching[4]. Fiqh is divided traditionally in fields of ul al-fiqh where the theoretical principles of jurisprudence are studies; and in fur al-fiqh which is focused upon the elaboration of the rulings which are based on such principles. The principles of jurisprudence are covered under ul al-fiqh[5]. As per the classic jurists, the human reason is a Gods gift which needs to be exercised based on the fullest capacity. Though, it is believed that the reasoning alone cannot be deemed as sufficient for distinguishing between right and wrong. And so, there was a need for rational argumentation, which had to be drawn from the content from transcendental knowledge which is present in Quran and passed on through the Sunnah of Muhammad[6]. The scriptures have to be interpreted through the rhetoric and linguistic standpoints and the manner in which this is to be done is covered under the traditional theory of Islamic jurisprudence. The authenticity of hadith is to be established as a method of this, along with determining the lawful force of scriptural passage which is abrogated through the passage, which is revealed later on. Apart from Quran and Sunnah, there are two other sources of law, which includes ijma, i.e., the juristic consensus and qiyas, i.e., the analogical reasoning. The ijma are the principles which elevate the rulings on the basis of probable evidence for absolute certainty. And the qiyas derive the ruling for a particular situation which has not been addressed in the scripture through analogy[7]. Fur al-fiqh, as a domain has been divided into the acts of worship or the rituals, i.e., ?ib?d?t and the social relations, i.e., mumal?t. A number of jurists have divided substantiative jurisprudence body in four quarters of rituals, sales, marriage and injuries. These terms, individually, stand for different subjects. As an example of this, the sales quarter covers bequests, gifts, guaranties and partnerships under it[8]. Central Tenets Manifested in Legal System So, the Islamic legal system is based on the Quran and the Sunnah. They come together to provide guidance on the moral values, practical duties and more broadly, carry the fundamentals of Islam. When it comes to the criminal law, the Quran and Sunnah become flexible as only certain specific offenses are prescribed, which are deemed as hudud. Sharia is supplemented through the human knowledge and understanding; or fiqh, which is derived from detailed evidence. Fiqh is human reasoning product or also known as ijtihad, and only the mujtahid, i.e., the qualified scholars can read Quran or practice ijtihad, which gets the support of scholars general consensus or that or ijma and becomes a binding law[9]. The scholars, when it comes to the Sharia law, have been divided on the continuous use of ijtihad for deducing new rules from the Sunnah and the Quran. The jurists from 10th century CE have refrained from practicing ijtihad and make reliance over the previous ijma which is decided by the previous scholars. The closing the door advocates are often deemed as conservatives who believed that ijtihad should be ended in order to protect Islam against the changes believing that these would threaten Islam. The doors were closed by some schools of Islam in a formal manner by 1258CE for furthering the practice of ijtihad. The closing of the door is referred to as a situation where the judges of US rely only on the stare decisis for making a decision of the case and could not directly look into the law for making their analysis, and there are no new laws made by the legislature. Hence, this would mean that the legal system would be idle as it is tied to the reasoning of the earlier scholars, wh ere the modern exigencies are not adopted. And so, it is disputed whether the door should be closed. And this issue of continuing ijtihad is deemed as a controversial issue under the sharia law[10]. Being derived from the Quran and the Sunnah, there is an entanglement of Sharia laws with morality. It is divided into five different shares, i.e., obligatory, recommended, reprehensible, permissible and forbidden. Though, legal transgressions are treated differently from religious and moral transgression in Islamic laws. And only the forbidden and obligatory categories can be subjected to a legal action. The Islamic law, particularly the field of criminal law, is divided into three different categories, i.e., hudud, qiyas, and tazir. The first category, i.e., hudud are such crimes which have been stated under the Quran and are predetermined punishments, including the same for fornication and adultery, for rebelling against the ruler, armed gangster, drinking alcohol, theft and apostasy[11]. As per the Islamic laws, these crimes require strict punishment which includes beheading, limb amputation and death by stoning. The hudud is deemed as an offense which is carried on against the g od and through the mercy of men, the same cannot be mitigated[12]. The Qiyas crimes are such which justify retaliation for bodily harm or for homicide and included in this are injury to another, manslaughter and even homicide. The qiyas crime victim families take the decision on what punishment has to be given to the guilty or whether they should accept diya, i.e., blood money in place of the crime. The Tazir are such crimes which fail to fall under either of the two categories. These are deterrent punishments which are left to be judged at broad discretion of the judges[13]. The criminal law of Sharia is infused with the legality. Hence, the delinquent judges cannot simply create such offences which have not been forbidden through the Sunnah or the Quran. Such crimes which are not forbidden in a specific manner, through the legislation or through the Sharia, continue to be permissible and the judges cannot punish these offenses where the populace has no notice. These offenses are broadly described by the original sources; though, the particular details are left out of those offenses which are open to the governments human legislations managament[14]. Legal Pluralism and Sharia Legal pluralism refers to the presence of multiple legal systems within a single geographical area. Plural legal systems are prevalent in former colonies where the colonial authority continues to exist with the traditional legal system, i.e., the customary law. Australia has a parliamentary democracy and through the Australian Constitution, 1901[15], a federal system of government was established in the nation. In the Australian legal system, the power is distributed on the basis of the three divisions, i.e., legislative, executive and judicial and operates through the separation of power. There is a distribution of power between the government of the Commonwealth and the governments of the State or Territory[16]. The boundaries of the law making are defined through the constitution, for the commonwealth and for the particular state or territory. There are six states, i.e., NSW, Vic, TAS, WA, SA, and Queensland and three self governing territories, i.e., NT, AT, and Norfolk Island[17 ]. The Australian legal system is a common law legal system which is derived from the English law. The two key sources of the Australian laws are the cases and the legislations. The legislations are the legal rules which are made by the parliament and by the ones who have been given the authority through the parliament; and the cases are the ruling or decisions of the judges of the court[18]. An article appeared in The Conversation back in 2012 where the analysis was undertaken on why a dual legal system could not be successful in the nation. This question was raised when a key Australian Islamic group argued for a formal recognition of the Islamic law under the Australian legal system. As per the Australian Federation of Islamic Councils, there was a need to integrate the Islamic laws into the pre-existent statues and regulations which govern the different areas of life, such as the financial transactions, marriage and divorce. However, a call for a dual legal system where Islamic law is recognized is impractical, unsustainable and also premature. This is because having two different legal system would over complicate the matters, and also, due to the Muslim population in the nation not being of such high in number, the same could not be justified to warrant a change. And even when a varied nature of community is there in the nation, the inclusion of a new legal system w ould prove to be a problematic affair. If the sharia law is formalized in the nation, it would mean that Australia gets a dual legal system, as is currently present in Indonesia and Malaysia. Though, this is doomed for a failure, from a purely religious standpoint. This is because the sharia governs all branches of life and its part execution through definition, would fail to get the expected religious outcome as din, i.e., way of life, of Islam. There is also a problem where there is an extremely varied nature of the Muslim community of the nation. There are members from across the 70 nations and the Muslim community is divided along the parochial, national and ethnic lines, along with differentiations based on ideological and sectarian lines. And these communities operate in isolation from each other, in an independent manner. Hence, there is a lack of a general consensus when it comes to different religious issues and with regards to the Islamic law each of the Muslim group has its own viewpoint. There are also differe nt interpretations of Islamic history, of the classical literature on Islam and of the Quran and hadiths. There is also a disagreement when it comes to the implementation, design and formulation of sharia[19]. There is also a very small youth group, within the Australian Muslim population, which calls out for the formalization of sharia. The older first generation Muslims, who had a key contribution in the community building in the nation are not a part of such group which calls for formalization of the sharia in the nation. The virtue of young age depicts that they have a very limited knowledge of religion, along with experience. Even though they hold high ethical standards and moral values, they still have to get a good grasp over the knowledge of evolution and origin of the sharia law and that of the Islamic jurisprudence. Apart from this, a number of imams, particularly the ones who are engaged actively, do not have the Islamic practice and knowledge, and also fail to consult and cooperate with each other, in addition to the Muslim community[20]. There are a number of qualified Muslim scholars who have graduated from great learning centres of Islam and are not trained in the methodologies of the classic Islamic jurisprudence. There is also a need to learn that these learning have been given which are thousand years old, and such learning centres have been majorly undermined in the last fifty years. There is also an issue that the Muslim organizations which are not connected on an operational level with each other. An example of this can be seen in the Muslim schools of the nation where the generic curriculum is taught, which is supplemented by Islamic and Arabic studies and they still give the impression that they are such religious schools where a solid Islamic education is provided, as an educational process[21]. The fact is that the Muslim schools of the nation are secular institutions and undertake their operations with corporate philosophy in the backdrop. This raised the question that where there is a lack of coordination between the activities of the Muslim organizations and also within themselves, how can sharia be effectively formalized in the nation since the question on who the sharia will be for cannot be answered with certainty. One cannot deny that a fully fledged Islamic lifestyle does require a clear and a strong legal foundation, but where the post modern era has such life in which there are major fragmentations and multiple identities are held by people, being a Muslim can have different meanings. And so, there is no longer an existence of a monolithic Islam[22]. Calling for the formalization of sharia is also unrealistic, as a number of problems will be raised when there is a collision between the Australian legal system and the Islamic legal system. This is because the former is based on cases and legislations and the latter is based on the word of god. So, when a case of homicide is present, the Australian legal system would require the person to be sentenced, whilst the Islamic legal system would give the option to the family of the victim to get money in place of getting the person punished. There would be a difficultly in deciding which law has to be applied and which law has to be given supremacy. Thus, based on the central tenets of the Islamic legal system, the coexistence of it, in a kind of legal pluralism with the Australian legal system would be problematic and would over complicate the matters[23]. Bibliography Ahdar RJ, and Aroney N, Shari'a in the West (Oxford University Press, 2010) Ahmad AUF, Theory and Practice of Modern Islamic Finance: The Case Analysis from Australia (Universal-Publishers, 2010) Bell GF, Pluralism, Transnationalism and Culture in Asian Law:A Book in Honour of M.B. Hooker (ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute,12-Jun-2017) Chase AT, Routledge Handbook on Human Rights and the Middle East and North Africa (Taylor Francis,2016) Groves M, Law and Government in Australia (Annandale, NSW: The Federation Press) Hakeem FB, Haberfeld MR and Verma A, Policing Muslim Communities: Comparative International Context (Springer Science Business Media, 2012) Ismail MA, Islamic Law and Transnational Diplomatic Law: A Quest for Complementarity in Divergent Legal Theories (Springer, 2016) Layish A, Legal Documents from the Judean Desert:The Impact of the Shari'a on Bedouin Customary Law (BRILL, 2011) Lim B, Australia's Constitution after Whitlam (Cambridge University Press, 2017) Miller C, War on terror: The Oxford Amnesty Lectures (Oxford University Press, 2013) Peters R, Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge University Press, 2006) Wood L, Islamic Legal Revival (Oxford University Press, 2016) Zysow A, The Economy of Certainty: An Introduction to the Typology of Islamic Legal Theory (ISD LLC, 2014) Australian National University, The Australian Legal System (2013) https://libguides.anu.edu.au/c.php?g=634887p=4547083 Madkoar MS, Human Rights from an Islamic Worldview (2017) https://www.muhajabah.com/docstorage/hudud.htm Mishra A, Islamic Legal System of the World (2013) https://lawmantra.co.in/islamic-legal-system-of-the-world/ Tang A, Comparative Analysis Of Certain Criminal Procedure Topics In Islamic, Asian, And Common Law Systems (2017) https://law.wm.edu/academics/intellectuallife/researchcenters/postconflictjustice/documents/AnalysisofCertainCriminal.pdf The Conversation, Sharia: why a dual legal system will not work in Australia (2012) https://theconversation.com/sharia-why-a-dual-legal-system-will-not-work-in-australia-528 US Legal, Legal System Law and Legal Definition (2017) https://definitions.uslegal.com/l/legal-system/

Eastman Kodak Meeting the Digital Challenge Essay Example

Eastman Kodak Meeting the Digital Challenge Essay The purpose of this essay is to assess the balance of planned and emergent approaches that Eastman Kodak applied to strategic management in the digital challenge which Kodak uniquely developed and patented many of the components of digital photography(Henry et al, 2009). The four main parts of the essay focuses upon classification Kodak’s case study into theories of intended strategy development, emergent strategy development, the roles of managers to manage this two strategic approaches and the evaluation of balance between these approaches in term of paradox and business environment. Beginning with its intended strategy, the essay will state the process of strategy development which is associated with role of vision and command or objective setting, planning systems and imposed strategy that imposes by external factors. Later, the demand of strategy emergent, the logical incrementalism and resources allocation of this company will be described. Then, roles of managers to balance intended plans and incremental plans along with dealing to the uncertain and complex conditions will be clarified. We will write a custom essay sample on Eastman Kodak Meeting the Digital Challenge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Eastman Kodak Meeting the Digital Challenge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Eastman Kodak Meeting the Digital Challenge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The last analysis will assess the balance of this two approaches by outlining a theory of the paradox of deliberateness and emergent for businesses in high competitive and technology-based environment. For planned strategy, Bob Ron(2010a) gives an opinion that the objective setting comes before the first formal step of the strategy development process and Gerry et al(2008) expresses intended strategy as a formulation of the role of vision and command, planning system and externally imposed strategy. Kodak’s objective or top management’s vision and command under Perez’s administration is still the same as his predecessors, that is the transformation from a photographic company into a world leader in digital imaging which based upon technology that allow consumers to find, share and show images on various media and reduction in role of a digital imaging hardware manufacturer. By reaching its goal, Kodak set up a large number of retail photo kiosks and launched digital photography service that make it become a leader in retail market for printing digital photograph. As well as, it is a leader in high-resolution, colour printing systems in commercial printing and in digital dental imaging in healthcare sector. The imposed situations in which Kodak face were the new imaging technologies that were emerging such as Polaroid, electrostatic plain-paper copying and new printing technologies. Therefore, a new strategic direction was imposed by acquiring a series of diversification moves into healthcare and imaginative initiatives such as first megapixel electronic image sensor, image storage and retrieval system, data storage product, copier services business and Photo CD system. These aspects of the intended strategy will be compared to the emergent strategy which will be stated after this. Bob Ron(2010a) states that people reroute their plan along the way to slowly shape a process of thinking and doing. For the aspects of emergent strategy development, Gerry et al(2008) considers logical incrementalism and resources allocation processes to be an account for it. The expansion of Kodak to any area outside its traditional imaging business seemed to have not sufficient assurance so it turned to focus on the digital challenge by spinning off chemical business and selling healthcare one whereas creating coherence among digital imaging projects. Robert, M. G. (2005) analyses this hange as refocusing on imaging and these divestments enabled Kodak to focus all of its resources on its core imaging business. As evidences of Kodak’s ambition, its first self-service facility for converting images from conventional photographs to digital ones was installed, followed by Picture Maker, a self –service kiosk for editing and printing digital images from a variety of digital and conventional inputs. Kodak intended to add value of consumers’ images while create a profitable consuma ble business for itself. Kodak’s hybrid approach was the launch of its Advantix which allow both chemical film images and electronic data to be stored on a single film but this failed to make the market. Furthermore, Kodak offered a wide range of digital cameras from the top end to the bottom end despite there was a highly competition in this market. For the term of resources allocation, Kodak initially based on vertical integration and self-sufficiency, it has own technology, products and vast global network. However, for digital imaging, the pace of technological change was too fast to rely on in-house development that forced it to look outside for the particular knowledge. Kodak launched a major hiring campaign to gain the executives and technical specialists and created a net of joint ventures and various strategic alliances, for example Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft and Sanyo. These companies obsessed diverse arrays of resources and capabilities with strengths and weaknesses in different areas. Robert Charles(2004) have viewed technology management as engagement of the wider field of knowledge management that causes strategic alliances to share their knowledge, technology, know-how and organizational capability. Subsequently to emergent strategy development, the capability to manage the two strategy development process will be declared. CEO of Kodak, Antonio Perez, responses to company’ s goals to transform from conventional photography to digital photography by reallocation of resources for example, cutting 25,000 employees and two-third Manufacturing capacity to stop its loss. When its planned strategy to become a leader in digital images by trying to launch all of related range of products and expand to business which be outside its core provided too little commitment, it gave rise of an incremental approach by creating coherence among its digital imaging projects. Kodak could utilize its brand strength and huge distribution system to offer hybrid solutions, while using the time and its cash flow from film to invest in the resources and capabilities for digital imaging. The challenge of renewing Kodak’s resource and capability base was not only limited to technology but also embraced production processes, design, and different sources of value. For uncertain and complex condition which occurred during transformation, Perez realizes the dynamic and complex of Kodak’s business position, one of evidences was that he judged digital cameras as a dinosaurs that cannot evolve as fast as the environment around them. The digital imaging market was faced to high competition, low entry barriers, falling real prices in digital products. Whereas consumable products make a high profit, there was a strong competition from notable suppliers. As a result, profits were either slim or non-existent. To fight this, Kodak pioneered a number of technical advances particularly in inkjet printing paper. The new technological regime meant that it has to put many of its resources and capabilities which make certain that finance problem still existed. After looking into three parts of this essay, the paradox of deliberate and emergent will be assessed to answer the balance of planned and emergent approaches. As Bob Ron(2010b) suggest, strategy has to deal with the future which is unknown but still be shaped and it demands flexibility and adaptability because it is unpredictable. Kodak continues to be guided by its original vision of â€Å"You push the button; we do the rest† along with its new vision of â€Å"leader of digital images†. Kodak believed that a strong proprietary position and complement of its own expertise in technologies was necessary to its strategy. Although Kodak did not plan well for its resources and capabilities in planned strategy, it can issue emergent strategy to make realised strategy. It can be seen from Kodak’s ambition to make its wholly integrated set of products and services to be simple and easy to use, put effort to innovation to make a competitive advantage (Robert M. , 2005) in its intense competition, compressed product cycles and declining product prices. Kodak realised that profit in technology-based industries was in software so it was heavily involved in developing various types of software to the market, its main strengths were in colour management, System Management and Enhanced Services Software for managing retail processing and rinting. For competitive positioning – Richard (2004) points that it is essential for organizations to define their unique competitive position based on a understanding of the opportunities and concerns, Kodak was positioned at every stage in the digital imaging chain and, with its EasyShare brand, its competitive position an future potential was placed particular attention on the brand and distribution, tech nology, new product development and finances. This essay has looked at the issue of assessing the balance of planned and emergent approaches to strategic management of Kodak Eastman and found that it has set objective and planning systems for deliberate plan, however plans for preparing resources and creating capabilities for the future goal have not stated. Owing to fast moving digital industries, Kodak has required emergent strategies to help maintaining its realized strategy, resources allocation, joint venture with alliances who have a specific knowledge and seeking team staffs from outside for knowledge it required have defined in this approach. The role of managers is vital for handling challenge when intended plan does not come in practice and emergent plans have to rise in circumstance of uncertain and complex condition. It appears that the paradox of these two approaches could be observed and Kodak’s top management could balance these to meet their objective in spite of intense competitive environment and product pricing threat.

Thirty of the Worlds Busiest Airports

Thirty of the Worlds Busiest Airports This is a list of the thirty busiest airports for passenger traffic, based on finalized 2008 data from the Airports Council International. A more recent list of the busiest airports in the world is also available here on my site. Since 1998, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in the United States has been the worlds busiest passenger airport. Numbers represent the number of passengers enplaned and deplaned with passengers in transit counted only once. 1. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport - 90,039,280 2. OHare International Airport (Chicago) - 69,353,654 3. Heathrow Airport (London) - 67,056,228 4. Haneda Airport (Tokyo) - 65,810,672 5. Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport - 60,851,998 6. Los Angeles International Airport - 59,542,151 7. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport - 57,069,331 8. Beijing Capital International Airport - 55,662,256* 9. Frankfurt Airport - 53,467,450 10. Denver International Airport - 51,435,575 11. Madrid Barajas Airport - 50,823,105 12. Hong Kong International Airport - 47,898,000 13. John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York City) - 47,790,485 14. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol - 47,429,741 15. McCarran International Airport (Las Vegas) - 44,074,707 16. George Bush Intercontinental Airport (Houston) - 41,698,832 17. Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport - 39,890,896 18. Bangkok International Airport - 38,604,009 19. Singapore Changi Airport - 37,694,824 20. Dubai International Airport - 37,441,440 (New to the list) 21. San Francisco International Airport - 37,405,467 22. Orlando International Airport - 35,622,252 23. Newark Liberty International Airport (New Jersey) - 35,299,719 24. Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport - 35,144,841 25. Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport (Rome) - 35,132,879 (New to the list) 26. Charlotte Douglas International Airport (North Carolina) - 34,732,584 (New to the list) 27. Munich Airport - 34,530,593 28. London Gatwick Airport - 34,214,474 29. Miami International Airport - 34,063,531 30. Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport - 34,032,710 * Beijing Capital International Airport saw a seven million passenger increase from 2006 to 2008, likely due to the 2008 Summer Games held in Beijing. Airports that previously made the top thirty ranking list for busiest airports but are not on this years ranking of the busiest airports include: Narita International Airport (Tokyo), and Philadelphia International Airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport (Canada).

IT Security & Sarbanes-Oxley Act Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

IT Security & Sarbanes-Oxley Act - Term Paper Example Because of the original intention and the mandate of the Act, financial accuracy must be certified by the management concerned. Because of the provisions of the Same Act, the penalties for financial fraud have been made more severe. Similarly, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 strengthened the autonomy of external auditors who analyze and reexamine the accuracy of corporate statements of accounts and also bolstered the oversight function of the board of directors. Simon, Smalley, and Schultz (2009) divulge that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 comes against the backdrop of serious corporate and accounting scandals such as the Enron, Adelphia, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems Scandals. These scandals had cost investors billions of dollars, following the collapse of the affected companies share prices. These scandals, together with their serious effects weakened public confidence in Americas security markets. The Act comprises 11 sections which range from criminal penalties to additional corporate board responsibilities. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 demands that the Securities and Exchange Commission implements rulings on prerequisites to compliance with the law. One of the ways the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 effects and constraints IT security section 404 compliance is by emphasizing a comprehensive understanding of internal controls, as a set of an enterprise's internal procedures, providing reasonable assurances that the enterprise will meet its target in all the specified areas. This is the case since Section 404 Compliance extends emphasis on not just historical financial reporting, but on internal controls also. Together with the rules spelled out in the SEC, there is a requirement that public companies' management should assess and report periodically, on the effectiveness of internal controls on financial reporting.